Photo Credit: UNBC
Enviromental Sciences

New research out of UNBC shows the impact of extreme weather on B.C.’s waterways

May 1, 2024 | 12:36 PM

PRINCE GEORGE— From heat domes in the summer to catastrophic downpours in the fall, 2021 was a wild year for weather in the Pacific Northwest. A new paper by the University of Northern British Columbia examined the impacts of these severe weather events on lakes, rivers, and creeks and the aquatic species that live in them.

“Our work demonstrates that the extreme hydrometeorological events of 2021 induced drastic changes in water temperatures across the Pacific Northwest of North America,” says UNBC Environmental Science Professor Dr. Stephen Déry, the paper’s lead author. “As climate change amplifies, these types of extreme events may become more frequent, persistent and intense with potential deleterious impacts to water quality, aquatic species and their habitats.”

Titled ‘Extreme hydrometeorological events induce abrupt and widespread freshwater temperature changes across the Pacific Northwest of North America’ the paper is a collaboration between Dr. Stephen Déry, Dr. Eduardo Martins, Dr. Philip Owens and Dr. Ellen Petticrew.

During the June 2021 heatwave researchers travelled to the traditional and unceded territory of the Nak’azdli Whut’en First Nation near Fort St. James, B.C. Data collected showed water temperature in the Necoslie River rose by 6.2 degrees celsius seven days after the heat dome began. In fact, for every one celsius in air temperature rise, the Necoslie River water temperature increased by 0.76 celsius.

“Spikes in water temperature can increase stress levels and cause mortality in cool- and cold-water adapted species, such as trout, char, and salmon,” Martins says.

How can we prevent the devastating effects of the heat? Déry says that policymakers can take a variety of approaches from restoring or enhancing vegetation near waterways to provide more shade, to preserving or constructing wetland habitat. In cases where rivers are regulated, increasing the flow of water during periods of extreme heat can also lessen the impacts.

Later that same year, atmospheric rivers caused catastrophic flooding across southern B.C., resulting in five fatalities, the loss of farm animals, and damages to roads and bridges. UNBC researchers found a spike in runoff and an increase in air temperature during that time, but water temperatures only ticked up minimally due to the cloudy weather, increase in precipitation and the influx of alpine snow melt.

“Areas directly influenced by atmospheric rivers may not observe significant changes in water temperature despite surges in air temperature; however, areas in the warm sector of these storms may be more affected as observed in the mid-November 2021 atmospheric rivers.” Déry says. “Thus impacts to freshwater temperatures can be relatively remote from the storms themselves.”

This research was made possible because of the ongoing projects at UNBC that have seen the installation of weather stations, in stream monitors, and other equipment across northern British Columbia.

“The contribution of data from all co-authors was central to this effort and all brought their different expertise to the preparation of the manuscript,” Déry says. “This was very much a team effort and a perfect example of the incredible and diverse expertise we have in-house at UNBC.”

Given the changing climate and the increased frequency of extreme weather events, such as the drought conditions in 2023, it is important for this type of research to continue.

“There is an ever-increasing need to not only expand stream temperature monitoring across the Pacific Northwest of North America but also extend this study to encompass additional extreme hydrometeorological events including floods and droughts to mitigate their impacts on aquatic environments and ecosystems,” Déry says. “The UNBC research team is dedicating considerable effort to enhance monitoring of freshwater temperatures, and other variables, as extreme hydrometeorological events continue to afflict northern B.C.”

Primary funding support for the research came from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and Rio Tinto. Additional funding support came from Environment and Climate Change Canada, Eco Canada, the Nechako Environmental Enhancement Fund and Project Learning Tree Canada.

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Email: sam.bennison@pattisonmedia.com